Early Exposure Of Foreign Literature - 1425 Words

Introduction Literature, has, from the time of its introduction to society, been one of the foremost tools used for social action and change. From describing social climate and conditions to using satires to bring about desired adjustments, literature has played a very important role in the development of social attitudes. Albrecht’s 1954 essay on the relationship between literature and society sums it up perfectly; literature not only acts as a reflection of society but also has an influence on cultural ideals and social stability. In this study, the aim is to concentrate on early exposure to foreign literature, that is, literature in a language or describing a culture foreign to the participant’s native language or culture. It is†¦show more content†¦An individual’s personality is an aspect within their constructed identity. According to a study by Putnam, Ellis and Rothbart (2001), individual differences in personality factors as determined by the Big Five Factor Model are present and continue to persist from very young ages. This suggests that early influences to personality and identity are vital for their development. Most other studies on personality development maintain personality to be in a dynamic state, never achieving absolute stability. Environmental influences, therefore, play a big role in the development of a person’s personality. In Cattell’s 16 personality factors questionnaire, first developed in 1957, Personality is measured having been divided into 5 global factors and 16 primary ones. The factor which measures liberalness is the primary factor Q1 or Openness to Change, wherein a high score indicates the participant to be liberal, experimenting, analytical, critical, free-thinking and flexible. A low score on the same would indicate that the individual is traditional and highly attached to familiar values and environments. This primary factor falls under the global factor of Tough-mindedness; here, a high score on Openness to Change would indicate that the individual or participant is open-minded, intuitive and receptive to other people. Cattell’s personality factorShow MoreRelatedTax Disclosure Framework1227 Words   |  5 Pagesby the Board. Under the income tax disclosure proposal, businesses would be required to: †¢ Separate foreign and domestic taxes, †¢ Describe enacted changes in tax law, †¢ Explain circumstances that cause a change in the assertion about the indefinite reinvestment of undistributed foreign earnings, and †¢ Disclose the aggregate of the cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities held by foreign subsidiaries. Moreover, additional disclosures also would be required, with differentiation betweenRead MoreThe Importance Of Teaching Foreign Languages On Kindergarten Level1146 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Due to the rapid growth of globalization, learning foreign languages, particularly those that are utilized internationally, are regarded as the one of the most essential instruments for anybody to build their career successfully who masters it. Being multilingual or bilingual is seen as beneficial for the modern people across the globe. For this reason, teaching foreign languages to children at as early as in kindergarten would facilitate in preparing a good lingual groundwork for themRead MoreAnalysis Of Tom Jones s Mister Pip Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Tension In Mister Pip, Lloyd Jones explores the ability of the creative space of literature to mediate transformations of culture and identity. Set during the Bougainville civil war in the early 1990s, the island’s sole white inhabitant, Mr Watts reopens a dilapidated schoolhouse and reads Great Expectations to the village children. Written in the first person retrospective narrative style, we witness how the villagers are caught in the military conflict just as inexorably as MatildaRead MoreI Always Loved Reading Since Early Childhood845 Words   |  4 PagesI always loved reading since early childhood. My favorite hours were reading and exploring foreign literacies. Furthermore, I was always passionate about literacy learning, my thoughts were always filled with surprises and questioners about everything and anything that can stir my mind. Knowing my self, ideas, beliefs and histories influenced my learning and literacy growing through my life. As a child, who grew up in foreign lands and from mixed heritage, I was independent and with challengingRead MoreTeaching And Second Language Learning Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesstated that there are even some theories in which it is argued that second language instruction is necessary in order to deem second language acquisition a success especially among students in the brackets of foreign language students and adults that may have had very little or no exposure to the second language outside school. Thus interventionist view is very essential if such groups of learners are to achieve high levels of grammar competence and in other parts of grammar. Support Theories andRead MoreFactors Affecting The Manufacturing Industry Of Ecuador1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthe bibliography which has all information sources. 7 Source Central Intelligence Agency; World Factbook; August 31, 2014 â€Å"FACTORS AFFECTING THE EMPLOYMENT IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY OF ECUADOR† 12 CHAPTER TWO 2. Literature Review This section propose an the review of some related literatures and relevant theories to this study, these are only a few formal econometrics analysis Rene Pallares (2009), Puga Muà ±oz (2013), Enrique Ayala Nieto (2010) and Mercosur (2004). These studies examined the factorsRead MoreA Pragmatic Philosophy Of Second Language Acquisition1256 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents worldwide may agree that learning English is paramount, many students and teachers struggle with a pragmatic means to achieve this goal. In this paper, I discuss my pragmatic philosophy of second language acquisition (SLA) based on existing literature on the topic and my experiences teaching English to second language learners in Asia and in the United States. Pragmatism To be a pragmatic language teacher means to be sensible, realistic and practical rather than to base instructional methodsRead MoreHow Authors in Foreign Language and Literature Discipline Research, Compile, and Publish, Information1955 Words   |  8 Pagesfollowing ethnography is a study on how authors in the Foreign Language and Literature discipline research compile and publish information regarding the ability of people to fluently learn new languages. Furthermore, this ethnography will provide a full understanding of how these writers their different strategies and techniques to help determine if a human has really fully mastered a language to the greatest of their ability. Writers in the Foreign Language Discipline have recently targeted to researchRead MoreCritical Period Of Foreign / Second Language Acquisition And Pronunciation For Late Learners2161 Words   |  9 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to review the literature which examines whether there is a critical period in foreign/second language acquisition and in pronunciation for late learners. The Critical Period Hypothesis refers to the claim that there is an optimal period for language acquisition which ends around puberty (Lenneberg, 1967). Generally, the advanced level of cognitive development enables adults to perform better than children in most areas. However, in the domain of language learning, childrenRead MoreThe Effect of Foreign Trade on Tthe Nigerian Economy1273 Words   |  6 PagesTHE EFFECT OF FOREIGN TRADE ON THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY Introduction Everyday, the need for foreign trade is on the increase as the needs of man is unlimited (Adams Smith).This is visible in the rise for consumer goods and services throughout the world especially with the increase in world population of over 6 billion people. Man with his advancement in social interaction and technology is able to visualize and perceive in his mind what he desires. This was obvious with the industrial revolution

The Tragedy Of Christopher Marlowe s Doctor Faustus

Task 2: Renaissance Drama Essay Are the actions of the characters in your chosen play influenced most by witchcraft, lust (for sex or power), or some other kind of motivational force? The following essay will examine the actions of the characters within Christopher Marlowe’s drama text Doctor Faustus in terms of witchcraft, lust, and other motivational forces, to come to a conclusion on which force is the most influential. Within the text, witchcraft is one of the main forces that influences the actions of the character Faustus himself. At the beginning of the text, Faustus becomes displeased with the knowledge he has so far gained, and aspires for more. He reviews all of the books he has previously studied, including the Bible, and decides to replace these with ‘necromantic books’ which he describes as ‘heavenly’ (1.1, 50). Through describing the books as ‘heavenly’, there is a sense of irony as it is necromancy that leads Faustus to turn away from heaven and the worship of God towards hell with the promise of more knowledge and power. Thus showing that witchcraft influenced the actions of Faustus as he decides to divert from his previous studies. In his text The Cambridge Introduction to Christopher Marlowe, Tom Rutter discusses various scientists that were studying at the time Marlowe was writing including John Dee and Giordano Bruno who Rutter says through being aware of the ways in which men like these ‘straddled the worlds of magic and of science helps us toShow MoreRelatedDoctor Faustus by Christopher Marlowe1359 Words   |  5 PagesWhat would you sell your soul for? A question Faustus had to ask when he wanted to gain more than just knowledge. England during the 1550’s had gone through many changes with religion, leaving the people unsure of what they wanted. When Elizabeth finally claimed throne and stayed Queen for a forty- five year reign, there were stable religious changes. For an escape and way of entertainment, society would attend plays. Due to the changing events during the Elizabethan era, plays were a stress relieverRead More A Comparison of Everyman and Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus1145 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison of Everyman and Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus Everyman and Doctor Faustus are both Morality Plays, these are specifically plays that existed within the Medieval period. They were popular during this period as they were intended to instruct the audience in the Christian way and attitudes to life. The morality play is essentially an allegory written in dramatic form. In the fourteenth Century, morality plays were mainly based on the seven deadly sins as in everyman withRead MoreComparison Between Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeares Twelfth Night872 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus versus William Shakespeares Twelfth Night Both Christopher Marlowes Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeares Twelfth Night deploy many of the same characteristic rhetorical features of 16th century verse dramas. Both plays are characterized by highly elaborate language, usually in iambic pentameter, although different types of verse structures are occasionally used to convey different moods or character types. Both plays combine tragedy and comedy within theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Play Everyman 1275 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the meaning of life. Similarly, we can also see the shadow of a philosophical trace in Christopher Marlowe’s play, Doctor Faustus. The play personifies good and evil. The devil will fight for the soul of human beings, while our soul remain indecisive. Soon after, high lights appeared in the instance when the soul makes a decision. Even though both works are excellent, but I fell that Dr. Faustus made a bigger impact on me. Although both work revolved around death, sins, and judgme nt ofRead MoreDoctor Faustus As A Tragic Hero3066 Words   |  13 PagesChristopher Marlowe wrote The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus in times of philosophical and religious debate. This was also a time when people began to openly explore the forbidden knowledge of magic as a way of testing the religious parameters set in the Renaissance period. Aristotle has basic characteristics that involve making a person a tragic hero in a story. A character must be noble, respected, knowledgeable, but also human and not perfect. Doctor Faustus exhibits these characteristicsRead MoreDr. Faustus Is a Morality Play Without a Moral. Discuss.2775 Words   |  12 PagesIn forming an answer to this question there are two aspects which must be considered. Firstly we must decide whether Dr Faustus is a morality play; I will do this by discussing the play s form, content and subject matter in an attempt to categorise the play. I will also offer an alternative argument by saying that the play is in fact a tragedy. Secondly we must decide whether or not it has a moral; to do this I will consider the tone of certain parts of the play, in particular the Chorus speechesRead More Comparing Christopher Marlow’s Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeare’s Macbeth2460 Words   |  10 PagesDesire for Knowledge and Power in Christopher Marlow’s Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeare’s Macbeth Plays written during the Renaissance often show how an individual is shaped by that person’s deepest ambitions, such as the desire to know, to rule, or to love, and how these aspirations can lead people down dramatic paths.   Christopher Marlow’s Doctor Faustus and William Shakespeare’s Macbeth both involve noble protagonists who are portrayed as true subjects -   tragic heroes; their selfhoodRead MoreFaustus, By Dr. Faustus2669 Words   |  11 Pagesoutset, Dr. Faustus is in his study contemplating what academic discipline is the most fulfilling. He reviews a number of disciplines in his mind, such as logic and medicine (which he believes he is already adequately distinguished in), and law and theology (which he believes to have inherent inadequacies). Dr. Faustus’s route from religion to magic seems to be forcedly cobbled together in order to elicit a certain emotion towards sophists as a whole, and Marlowe laboriously thrusts Dr. Faustus into becom ingRead MoreThe Reign Of Queen Elizabeth I And The Elizabethan Era1787 Words   |  8 Pagesbeginning of the Elizabethan theatre which still to this day influences theatre and the way theatre is presented . The Elizabethan Era began in 1588 and ended in 1603 during Queen Elizabeth I reign England s capital and largest city, London grew to about two hundred thousand people. London s population was divided into three main sections a small but powerful population of wealthy nobles, a prospering middle class, and a large and impoverished lower class living in miserable conditions. In theRead MoreHelen Of Troy1455 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement with Paris is an abduction or a seduction is ambiguous. The legends recounting Helen s fate in Troy are contradictory. Homer depicts her as a wistful, even a sorrowful, figure, coming to regret her choice and wishing to be reunited with Menelaus. Other accounts have a treacherous Helen who simulates Bacchic rites and rejoices in the carnage. Ultimately, Paris was killed in action, and in Homer s account Helen was reunited with Menelaus, though other versions of the legend recount her ascending

Artificial Intelligence in Business-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence in Business. Answer: Introduction Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines, rather than the natural intelligence of human or animals. The artificial intelligence allows a machine to think like human and perform tasks without any programming. It helps machines to solve complex takes and learn new things without any previous programming. The activities of artificial intelligence include speech recognition, planning, learning, and problem-solving. Artificial intelligence is a broad term which includes machine learning, deep learning, automation and many more parts. In the modern world, many companies use artificial intelligence to enhance the efficiency of performing various takes in the business, which were traditionally performed by humans. Using artificial intelligence in business can benefit a company, but due to lack of technological advancements, the artificial intelligence has many flaws. This report will discuss various benefits and drawbacks of using artificial intelligence in the business by different companies. Further, the report will analyse these benefits and drawbacks based on the different perspective of organisations, such as Google, eBay, Uber and Microsoft. Project Objective The primary objective of this report is to ascertain different advantages and disadvantages of adopting artificial intelligence strategy in a business. This report will discuss the current status of artificial intelligence and its uses in different companies. Further, this report will analyse the risks of adopting artificial intelligence in business and its necessity in organisations of different industries. The secondary objective of this report is to analysing different companies that are using artificial intelligence in their business and ascertain AIs value in business from their perspective. Project Scope The report will focus on the various use of artificial intelligence that could be beneficial or detrimental for an organisation. This report will evaluate the use of AI from the perspective of different organisations. Further, the report will ascertain the current state and latest development in artificial intelligence for business. The experience of using AI in business from the viewpoint of various companies will be discussed in the report. Literature Review Artificial intelligence is defined as the intelligence of machinery, which is different from human intelligence. It is a part of computer science that focuses on producing an intellectual machine that performs tasks and reacts like a human. Various activates for which artificial intelligence is designed to include planning, learning, problem-solving, reasoning and speech recognition. According to Rouse (2016), Artificial intelligence can be categorised in different parts such as strong AI, weak AI, narrow AI, and broad AI or other. Apples virtual personal assistance called Siri is an example of weak AI. According to Reddy (2016), in recent times, artificial intelligence has gained popularity due to growth in size, speed, and variation of data collected by organisations. AI allows companies to perform complex activities such as recognising patterns in information, more efficiently than humans, which help companies in gaining more insight from their data. The companies such as Apple, Google, Accenture and Uber, use AI in analysing a large amount of data from their customers and identifying patterns in them, which help them to recognise their customer's requirements and formulating strategies based on such data. Current State of Artificial Intelligence According to Nusca (2016), the artificial intelligence will have a significant impact on the economies, culture, and businesses of companies in coming years. Currently, AI is moving into the commercial market and use of AI in business has grown substantially, as compared to past few years. Various aspects of AI are used in different commercial takes such as machine learning is used in advertising or marketing products in different markets. Google is using machine learning to enhancing the prediction of web searches which allow the company to gain competitive advantage. 2015 was the year for AI accomplishments with the advancement in different areas such as virtual assistants, web searches, and automation (Figure 2). As per recent advancements, the introduction of deep learning has changed the form of AI. This system is capable of learning new information itself, for example, it identifies an orange without any programming. In 2015, Microsoft and Google software was able to defeat human at image recognition. Google, Facebook, and Microsoft are using modern AI to learn voice recognition on smartphones. But there are also some problems in AI development as well. In recent news, Facebook has to shut off their AI program because it unpredictably generated its own different language (King 2017). This shows that there are several risks in AI development, which companies have to ascertain while developing or implementing AI application in their businesses. Advantages of Artificial Intelligence The modern technology allows companies to use artificial intelligence in performing their tasks. The use of AI has increased due to the limitation of human beings for performing certain tasks (Figure 1). The AI can collect a large amount of data from several sources and analyse it with significantly fast speed (Wenger 2014). Reduction in Errors Artificial intelligence allows organisations to avoid error and increases the chances of achieving accuracy, with a high degree of precision. In case of humans, while performing certain tasks there are chances of error because of human cause errors from time to time. Computer, if programmed correctly, do not make mistakes like humans, therefore, the companys data can be managed error-free despite its size. Organisations could use AI in the process, such as space exploration, since they are metal bodies which do not get affected by space atmosphere. This allows them to collect a large amount of data without performing any life threating activities (Glymour, Scheines and Spirtes 2014). According to Ruth (2017), an application such as SAP, Avanade, and DONO allow organisation such as Wal-Mart, eBay, MasterCard, and Accenture, to collect a large amount of customers data from Facebook, Google Analytics, Shopify and various other platforms. They analyse it to predict information regarding customers such as shopping pattern, requirements and market demand. Difficult Tasks According to the research of Cohen and Feigenbaum (2014), the artificial intelligence can use by companies in performing difficult tasks such as mining, ocean floor exploration, and oil exploration. The AI takes the risks for human advancement because human have various limitations. For example, the Mars rover sends by NASA called Curiosity, allow scientists to explore Mars surface and collect data without actually risking their lives. The rover travels on Mars surface while collecting data and determine its path, which helps him learn to think for itself. The AI inventions like this are beneficial for human knowledge advancement. Virtual Assistance The research of Bond and Gasser (2014) has concluded that, the popularity of virtual assistance or digital assistance has raised significantly in past few years. A virtual assistance communicates with humans to perform certain tasks. They lack emotional feelings which help them think logically and find a logical solution to problems. Many organisations use such digital assistance to perform small tasks for their employees such as setting up their calendar, meeting reminders and general web searches. The most popular method of AI is the virtual assistances used in modern smartphones. According to the research conducted by Ramaswamy (2017), various smartphone or software manufacturer install virtual assistance to their smartphones which interact with the user to perform certain tasks. Few examples include Google Now, Siri, Cortana, and Bixby. These digital assistances performs different tasks in smartphones such as searching something on the web, setting reminders or alarms, sending messages, or turning on or off certain feature in the phone. But with the latest development in AI and specifically machine learning, these assistances are able to communicate with users like a human assistance, such as telling a joke, remembering something or continuing a conversation. Medical Applications Many medical organisations use AI to improve their medical procedures. According to Huhns (2012), the AI allows efficient evaluation of patient condition by doctors and helps them assess their health hazards. AI help doctors to analyse the side effects of different medicines and many professional doctors are taught with an artificial surgery simulator. Use of Robotics helps mental health patients in different medical problems such as depression. Radiosurgery is a good example of modern advancement of AI which helps in operating tumors. This allows doctors to perform surgery without causing any damage to surrounding tissues. Performing Daily Mundane Tasks Fethi and Pasiouras (2010) concluded that, the artificial intelligence allows companies to deal with their daily boring takes by use of automation that enhances the productivity in takes. Theoretically, by using AI, companies can eliminate boring jobs from human and provide them free time to perform creative takes. The automation allows companies to perform repetitive tasks of large volume with high efficiency, fewer errors and high speed, as compared to humans who are slow, cannot process large data quickly and cause errors. No Pause or Breaks Rich and Waters (2014) provided that, the benefit of AI includes its efficiency to work without any pause or breaks. The AI machine programs which mean they performed a large number of takes for longer hires without getting bored or frustrated. In case of humans, after a certain period, they require breaks or refreshments to continue their work. This gives artificial intelligence an advantage over humans. Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence According to Palm (2012), with the advancement in artificial intelligence technology, certain risks have raised as well. The use of AI in business tasks has several drawbacks such as high expenses, unemployment in the industry and cyber crimes. Before implementing AI technology in companies business, the management requires evaluating these risks of AI. High Costs According to Quantrille and Liu (2012), the adaptation of Artificial intelligence in business requires the company to spend large capital since they are complex machinery. The maintenance and repairing costs of AI machine are also significantly high. The AI machinery requires constant software up gradation to keep working efficiently and to keep getting smarter each day. In case there is a severe breakdown in the machinery, the recovery cost for lost data and reinstating expenses require a significant amount of time and money. Due to this disadvantage, small and medium organisations cannot apply AI technology in their operations. Therefore, the AI technology is available only for large corporations. Job Losses According to the research of Jones (2015), replacing persons with machinery can cause a large scale unemployment stage in the market. The use of AI will displace a lot of low-skilled jobs from the market. Many experts believe that robots have already taken a large number of jobs from peoples on assembly lines. The advancement of AI can cause humans to highly dependent on them for even smaller tasks. They could become lazy and lost their creative abilities. For example, with the introduction of self-driving cars by Tesla, BMW, and other car manufacturers, the job of millions of taxi drivers are in threat. No Match of Human Creativity Shoham (2014) concluded that, when it comes to original creativity, AI common is compared to human capabilities. The AI is no match for the creative power of human brain. Human beings are capable of seeing, hearing and feeling emotions, and they are highly emotional intellectuals. The human being decisions are affected by their feeling which lacks in an AI. The power of human brains cannot be replicated by artificial intelligence software. No Benefit of Experience In case of artificial intelligence, they cannot be improved with experiences like human beings. The AI store a large amount of data but the method of accessing and processing is significantly different from the human brain. The AI is unable to change their responses to different environmental factors. There is no heart, passion, care or concern in an artificially intelligent machine, like a human. The humans have the ability to differentiate wrong from the right which is a huge disadvantage of AI. Many experts or visionaries such as Stephen Hawking or Elon Musk have warned people regarding the danger of AI. The AIs ability to learn new things could adversely impact on the existence of human beings. Cyber attacks According to the research of Dietterich (2015), just like every other software, the artificial intelligence applications also have the same risk of viruses or hacking. The algorithms of AI are no different from any other software when it comes to their vulnerability to hacking. But since AI is used to make important judgments, such as driving cars or controlling machines, the effect of cyber-attacks could be highly dangerous than previous attacks. The United States government is funding different department and agencies to analysing the risk of AI cyber-attacks and finding solutions for avoiding any damages to life or property. Future of Artificial Intelligence According to Carey (2017), in the future, use of artificial intelligence could revolutionise different industries such as medical, space, oil exploration, data analysing, virtual assistance and software. Artificial intelligence will allow scientists to collect data or research on different projects without actually risking their lives. Furthermore, many medical scientists believe that artificial intelligence will allow humans to get immunity from viruses. The AI will affect small sections as well such as advance personal assistance, home automation, and smart appliances. The development of AI has several drawbacks in the future such as an increase in laziness, unemployment, and the threat of cyber crimes. The implementation of AI in everyday takes will reduce the creative, thinking and analysing power of humans. Therefore, implementing the AI in business require thorough prior planning. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that use of artificial intelligence has grown substantially in previous few years. Companies are using AI for different activities such as collecting large data from online sources or evaluation of such data. The benefits of AI include faster performance, no breaks, no errors and medical advancements. But there are several problems in using AI for business as well such as huge costs, the risk of cyber-attack and unemployment in industry. The companies should evaluate their conditions before implementing AI applications in their businesses. AI is not at that stage where every organisation could benefit from it. They are a necessity for advancement in AI technology before its complete implementation. The organisations are requiring analysing its risks and creating proper strategies to avoid such risks in the future. In modern times, the small and medium organisation can use only weak AI application such as virtual assistance, but large organisation such as Google, Apple, Facebook, and Microsoft have enough resources to implement AI technology in their business. References Bond, A.H. and Gasser, L. eds., 2014.Readings in distributed artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann. Carey, S., 2017. How are businesses using artificial intelligence? 16 uses for AI and machine learning in the enterprise. Computer World UK. Retrieved from https://www.computerworlduk.com/galleries/it-business/uses-of-ai-machine-learning-in-business-3639749/ Cohen, P.R. and Feigenbaum, E.A. eds., 2014.The handbook of artificial intelligence(Vol. 3). Butterworth-Heinemann. Dietterich, T. G., 2015. Benefits and Risks of Artificial Intelligence. Medium. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@tdietterich/benefits-and-risks-of-artificial-intelligence-460d288cccf3 Fethi, M.D. and Pasiouras, F., 2010. Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: A survey.European journal of operational research,204(2), pp.189-198. Glymour, C., Scheines, R. and Spirtes, P., 2014.Discovering causal structure: Artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and statistical modeling. Academic Press. Huhns, M.N., 2012.Distributed artificial intelligence(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Jones, M.T., 2015.Artificial Intelligence: A Systems Approach: A Systems Approach. Jones Bartlett Learning. King, P., 2017. Why Facebook Shut Down Its Artificial Intelligence Program That Went Rogue. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/08/16/why-facebook-shut-down-its-artificial-intelligence-program-that-went-rogue/#4dd7f1417105 Maguire, J., 2017. Artificial Intelligence: When Will the Robots Rebel?. Datamation. Retrieved from https://www.datamation.com/data-center/artificial-intelligence-when-will-the-robots-rebel.html Martin, K., 2016. Artificial Intelligence: How will it affect legal practice and when?. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved from https://blogs.thomsonreuters.com/answerson/artificial-intelligence-legal-practice/ Nusca, A., 2016. The Current State of Artificial Intelligence, According to Nvidias CEO. Fortune. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2016/03/22/artificial-intelligence-nvidia/ Palm, G., 2012.Neural assemblies: An alternative approach to artificial intelligence(Vol. 7). Springer Science Business Media. Quantrille, T.E. and Liu, Y.A., 2012.Artificial intelligence in chemical engineering. Elsevier. Ramaswamy, S., 2017. How Companies Are Already Using AI. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2017/04/how-companies-are-already-using-ai Reddy, k., 2016. Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence. WiseStep. Retrieved from https://content.wisestep.com/advantages-disadvantages-artificial-intelligence/ Rich, C. and Waters, R.C. eds., 2014.Readings in artificial intelligence and software engineering. Morgan Kaufmann. Rouse, M., 2016. AI (Artificial Intelligence). SearchCIO. Retrieved from https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/AI Ruth, J., 2017. 6 Examples of AI in Business Intelligence Applications. Tech Mergence. Retrieved from https://www.techemergence.com/ai-in-business-intelligence-applications/ Shoham, Y., 2014.Artificial intelligence techniques in Prolog. Morgan Kaufmann. Wenger, E., 2014.Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.

Noah Webster free essay sample

Noah Webster was born on October, 17th in West Hartford, Connecticut. His father was also Noah Webster; a farmer with some government importance. Websters mother was Mercy Webster, the great-great granddaughter of William Bradford, governor of Plymouth colony. Noah was the fourth out of five kids, and the second son that had been born (Frank Magil 1417). When Webster was merely sixteen years old, he was accepted to Yale, and studied law for quite some time until e realized he did not want to be a lawyer. Noah became a teacher instead, but after a few years of teaching, he decided he did not like the way the school textbooks were written. Noah wrote new textbooks himself to help educate children properly (20 years, one assistant, 700,000 words). Noah is famous for the dictionary, but he also wrote a tremendous amount of other grammar and textbooks. In 1783, Webster published his first book part one of A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. We will write a custom essay sample on Noah Webster or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Later, he published the second part, and finally the third part in 1785 (Frank Magil 1417). English is a sensible language, but not always a logical language. (20 years, one assistant, 700,000 words). Noah contributed to the English language by helping the schools with new textbooks. He also helped congress pass a copyright bill that protected writers in 1831. He toured from Maine to Georgia selling textbooks. Webster is somewhat credited with the Merriam-Webster Dictionary which is still used today. He is also one of the founders of Amherst College (Noah Webster). Although Noah wrote one of the most used books in the world, he did not receive full credit for the famous dictionary. When Webster died on May 28th, 1843 in New Haven, Connecticut, the rights to the dictionary were sold to George and Charles Merriam. The two brothers gave some recognition as proved in the name, Merriam- Webster Dictionary. Although this book is his most known Noah Webster changed the American English speech, grammar, and schools forever with his writings.

Free Essays on Progressive Era

â€Å"We are in a period of clamor, of bewilderment, of an almost tremulous unrest. We are hastily revising all our social conceptions. We are hastily testing all our political ideas.† This comment by Walter Weyl reflects the mammoth social and political changes that emerged during the turn of the previous century. During the early years of the 20th century, American’s experienced social and political change that would come to influence American society, as we know it today. The major cause of these changes was the American people responding to the social and economic impacts of industrialism. Americans now wanted to reshape their nation by diminishing the powers of big business, improving conditions for the consumer, and reforming the political parties. After the death of President William McKinley in 1901, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn into office. Not only did the nation now have a new president, but with reform in mind, a new political and social ideology was being born known as progressivism. Roosevelt’s presidency would be like none other before. The glaring social, political, and economic issues of the day would be the force that drove this American president. One of the most important contributions to the progressive movement was Roosevelt’s tough stance against the monopolies and trusts that were encroaching upon all of America’s strongest industries. Most notably was Roosevelt’s enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which had never been enforced by previous administrations. He launched his campaign by bringing suits against monopolies such as the United States Steel Company and the Northern Securities Company, citing that they were in violation of this legislation. Roosevelt’s triumph in these cases not only set precedent for future cases, but also strengthened the federal government’s regulatory power over private industry. Some of the important results of this newfound... Free Essays on Progressive Era Free Essays on Progressive Era â€Å"We are in a period of clamor, of bewilderment, of an almost tremulous unrest. We are hastily revising all our social conceptions. We are hastily testing all our political ideas.† This comment by Walter Weyl reflects the mammoth social and political changes that emerged during the turn of the previous century. During the early years of the 20th century, American’s experienced social and political change that would come to influence American society, as we know it today. The major cause of these changes was the American people responding to the social and economic impacts of industrialism. Americans now wanted to reshape their nation by diminishing the powers of big business, improving conditions for the consumer, and reforming the political parties. After the death of President William McKinley in 1901, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn into office. Not only did the nation now have a new president, but with reform in mind, a new political and social ideology was being born known as progressivism. Roosevelt’s presidency would be like none other before. The glaring social, political, and economic issues of the day would be the force that drove this American president. One of the most important contributions to the progressive movement was Roosevelt’s tough stance against the monopolies and trusts that were encroaching upon all of America’s strongest industries. Most notably was Roosevelt’s enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which had never been enforced by previous administrations. He launched his campaign by bringing suits against monopolies such as the United States Steel Company and the Northern Securities Company, citing that they were in violation of this legislation. Roosevelt’s triumph in these cases not only set precedent for future cases, but also strengthened the federal government’s regulatory power over private industry. Some of the important results of this newfound... Free Essays on Progressive Era Housing in general, living accommodations available for the inhabitants of a community. Throughout the 19th century, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, housing as a problem worsened as urban populations expanded. The crowding of cities and factory towns by workers led not only to severe housing shortages but also to the deterioration of existing housing and the growth of slums. The problem was aggravated by the erection of substandard housing for workers and by speculators seeking high profits. The housing question is the most fundamental of social problems relating to environment. The dictum of the late Cardinal Manning, "Domestic life creates a nation," is absolutely sound. The corollary is also true: the lack of domestic life will unmake a nation. The home is the character unit of society; and, where there is little or no opportunity for the free play of influences which make for health, happiness, and virtue, we must expect social degeneration and decay. Great cities are the danger points of modern civilization, and any community which leaves to a large part of its inhabitants inadequate facilities for the true development of domestic life must fight deteriorating forces at tremendous cost. The relation between humanity and its environment is very close. Strong-willed, intelligent people may create or modify environment. The weaker-willed, the careless, and the unreflecting are dominated by environment. Such is a fairly rough estimate of the relation. For all but the e xceptionally strong and virile, home environment determines the trend of life. Populous masses herded together, as they are over large areas of the tenement regions of New York City, with difficulty resist the influences by which they are surrounded. The relation between poverty and bad tenement housing was also recognized by many charitable organizations and they compared them to a contagious disease. Then, too, there is the great question of drunke...

The Fight for Womens Rights in the Past and Present

The Fight for Women's Rights in the Past and Present The meaning of womens rights has varied through time and across cultures. Today, there is still a lack of consensus about what constitutes womens rights. Some would argue a womans ability to control family size is a fundamental womens right. Others would argue womens rights fall under workplace equality or the chance to serve in the military in the same ways that men do. Many would argue that all of the above should be deemed womens rights. The term typically refers to whether women are treated as mens equals, but sometimes it specifically refers to special circumstances that affect women, such as job protection when they take time off for maternity leave, though men in the U.S. are increasingly taking paternity leave. While men and women may both be victims of social ills and violence related to human trafficking and rape, protection against these crimes is often described as beneficial to womens rights. The implementation of various laws and policies over the years paints a historical picture of the benefits that were considered to be womens rights at one time. Societies in the ancient, classical, and medieval worlds show how womens rights, even if not referred to by that term, differed from culture to culture. United Nations Convention on Rights of Women The 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, signed by many United Nations member states, asserts that womens rights belong to the political, economic, social, cultural, civil realms. According to the convention text,  which became an international treaty in 1981: Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. The declaration specifically addresses eliminating prejudice in public education, giving women full political rights to vote and run for public office, as well as marriage and divorce rights that equal mens. The document also called for the elimination of child marriage and sex trafficking while also mentioning equality for women in the criminal justice system and in the workplace. The NOW Statement of Purpose In 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) formed and wrote a statement of purpose that summarizes key womens rights issues of that time. The rights outlined were based on the idea of equality as an opportunity for women to develop their fullest human potentials and to put women into the mainstream of American political, economic and social life. The womens rights issues identified included those in these areas of employment and economics, education, family, political participation, and racial justice. The 1855 Marriage Protest In their 1855 marriage ceremony, womens rights advocates Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell refused to honor laws that interfered with the rights of married women in particular. They advocated for wives to be able to legally exist outside of a husbands control, to inherit and own real estate, and have the right to their own wages. Stone and Blackwell also campaigned for wives to be able to choose their own names and place of residence and to sign contracts. They demanded that married mothers be granted custody of their children and be able to sue in court as well. Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention In 1848, the first known womens rights convention in the world took place in Seneca Falls, New York. There, organizers of the convention declared that men and women are created equal. As such, the feminists gathered demanded that women immediately be given the rights and privileges due to them as U.S. citizens. In their Declaration of Sentiments, the Seneca Falls participants insisted that women should be able to vote, have property rights, including the right to the income they earned, and to pursue higher education and a variety of professions, such as theology, medicine, and law. Womens Rights in the 1700s In the 1700s, influential women also spoke out about womens rights from time to time. Abigail Adams, the wife of U.S. founding father and second President John Adams, asked her husband to remember the ladies in a letter in which she discussed disparities in womens and mens education. Hannah Moore, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Judith Sargent Murray focused especially on womens right to an adequate education. They used their writing to advocate for women having influence over social, religious, moral, and political decisions. In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1791–1792), Wollstonecraft called for women to be educated, have equality in marriage, and have control over family size. In 1791 during the French Revolution, Olympe de Gouges wrote and published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Citizen. In this document, she called for women to have free speech, including the right to name the father of their children and equality for out-of-wedlock children, a demand that suggested that women had the same right as men to have sexual relationships outside of marriage. Treatment of Women in the Ancient World In the ancient, classical, and medieval world, womens rights differed somewhat from culture to culture. In some cases, women were essentially regarded as slaves or children under the authority of their husbands or fathers. Women were largely confined to the home and lacked the right to come and go as they pleased. They also had been deprived of the right to choose or refuse marriage partners or end a marriage. Whether women could dress as they liked was an issue during this time as well. A number of these concerns and others continued to be problems for women in the centuries that followed. They included a lack of custodial rights over children, especially after a divorce; the inability of women to own property, run businesses, and control their own wages, income, and wealth. Women in the ancient, classical, and medieval world also faced employment discrimination, barriers to education, a lack of voting rights, and the inability to represent themselves in lawsuits and court actions. In the centuries since, women have advocated for these rights and more, but the struggle for equality hasnt ended. Women still face employment discrimination and barriers to healthcare, while single mothers are at great risk of falling into poverty.

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) Essay

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) - Essay Example Additionally, these quantitative measures and site certification is audited by GE’s audit staff and is obligatory for campuses with in excess of 100 employees. As the company grows, its goal is to reach every employee in spite of site size. The introduction of Electronic medical records came with the potential to revolutionize healthcare by calculating administrative costs through superior effectiveness, improved correctness and broader admission to the latest clinical data (Glader, 2009). With these features the workflow is streamlined, it allow doctors to share information steadily, GE’s Centricity EMR brings the newest technology to bear on the test of managing several patient records around the globe. What makes GE to act this way is its commitment to patient-centered innovation that focuses on safety, clinical solutions as well as a customized environment for even the youngest patients. 2 GE is more diversified compared to the past. The creation of the GE healthyma gination Fund shows GE’s commitment to improvement in healthcare as a means to promoting the objectives of visibly increasing access to healthcare at the same time improving the quality along with reducing the delivery cost (McGregor, 2009). The company also gives support to the development of companies with inventive technologies as well as business models that share in the broader healthymagination goals. A s a way to further diversify the company, it additionally on receiving growth capital in addition to expertise in investment, the fund’s investment partners have the opportunity to cooperatively work with a global leader in healthcare technology in areas with mutual interest, which includes technology development and global distribution What led the company to diversification was to combat the crisis of healthcare access. Healthymagination has a goal to offer Better Health for additional People around the world. While focusing on technologies that are simpler, eas ier-to-use and more portable devices, those who lack sufficient healthcare right now, may for the very first time get access to an adequate diagnosis, an opportunity at surgery, or the ways to save the child’s life (Glader, 2010). When we specifically focus on anesthesia equipment, GE committed a center team that focused on anesthesia products to work together with international hospitals Anesthesiologists for research along with development for use of GE ICU/anesthesia products geared to low-income countries. This has led the company to knowing its market and its business significantly better than any time in history. The company has put in place financial models and levers that it uses to drive our performance. It also has clear strategies with plans of action for all of it divisions. It also engages in investing in its people and has specific plans to increase accountable leaders that will drive change (Mark, 2008). 3 In 2009, General Electric publicized that in the next s ix years it would spend $3 billion in creating at least 100 health-care innovations that were intended to substantially lower costs, increase accessibility, and along with improve quality (Scott and Corporate Environmental Data Clearinghouse, 1992). The company highlighted two products at the time; a $1,000 electrocardiogram device and a PC-based ultrasound machine that

Urban Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Design - Essay Example These places also include bikeways, plazas, waterfronts, view corridors, transportation hubs, and natural features, building interfaces, landmarks, squares, nodes, pedestrian ways and bridges. To maintain high quality public realm, arc must be the overall driving force. In some cities, the public realm is not an original person’s idea; some ideas are gotten from cities that the public realm has worked. Public realm has four categories: public spaces, streetscapes, parks and coastal areas. Coastal areas – these areas include all areas of land that are along or adjacent to large water bodies. Parks – these are open spaces to the community that are used as recreational facilities; parks include wadi systems, mountain ridges comprised of natural areas. Public places – include open areas that surround the community that is used for public assembly or gathering and is visible to the entire public. Streetscapes – these are elements of the streets which comprise visual objects, and they include trees, roads, sidewalks, open spaces, street furniture, benches and trees – all these combined to form the street’s character. Reasons why urban designers should pay attention to the public realm are to satisfy their clients’ needs, who include the entire public. ... Caring for the public and paying attention to the public realm example in the open squares and park is important because this is a convergence place for the interaction of the public. The ways in which the public has access to the towns or areas of interest is dictated by the mode in which the â€Å"public realm† was set. Buildings and all that encompasses the public realm should be designed in a way that maximum safety is offered and the public is at its optimum security while accessing such public places. If these places are safe, then running of business will be smooth, and everything will be flowing according to what they are planning in the short and in the long run. Attention should also be given to the ways in which the roads are designed, i.e. there should be pedestrian crosses in the roads where there is much public usage. There should be road signs along the highways, and the roads should be properly calibrated if it is a two way road. Strategies and techniques used by designers to enhance the public realm are to ensure places retain their uniqueness by not changing the place’s physicality, making sure that development does not greatly interfere with the way the layout of the street is. Designers enhance this by holding open forums with the public where they discuss emerging issues in their cities, towns, villages or places of their dwellings. In their discussions, they come up with ways to solve the emerging issues or find solutions to their problems. Other strategies that designers use are acquiring ideas from places with well descent established public realm and incorporating the ideas into places where it has not been tried. Though this

Co-ordinate implementation of customer service strategie Essay Example for Free

Co-ordinate implementation of customer service strategie Essay Brief Background McDonalds is a well admired, large organization of approximately 5,500 locally owned and operated businesses all around the world. Food quality is the key at McDonalds as is has implemented rigorous food safety standards for almost 50 years, and the fast food restaurant has been recognized for its popular and well known meals, ranging from delicious burgers, well known French fries, healthy salads, rolls, fruits, deserts, and also breakfast foods such as bacon and eggs, cereals and pancakes. The restaurant also has Ronald McDonald House Charities and its global network of independent local Chapters, which help find, create, and support programs that directly improve the health and well-being of children. There are many employees in each McDonalds restaurant which are well trained to help serve the more than 47 million customers, in 119 countries from more than 30,000 different restaurant locations. The specific department on which is being focused on this report revolves around working on the front counter; this includes customer service, preparation of the meals, dealing with cash, cleaning and stocking. Organisations internal and external customers Working on the front counter at McDonalds deals with the external customers, these are the people who pay for the product/food that the business has to offer. The employees, who work on the front counter, act as internal customers towards the employees at McDonalds who work in the back. People working on the front counter next-handle the jobs that have been completed from out the back where the food is made. When an external customer walks into a McDonald restaurant, straight away their main needs and expectations is to firstly walk into an attractive well maintained and clean environment, to have a fresh tasting meal delivered to them politely from a well organized employee, who should prepare the meal quickly but carefully, making sure no mistakes are made. Each and every employee has the resources they need to serve the customers so they can be prepared as each customer approaches. Restaurants are adequately staffed to allow for a good customer experience as well as to provide schedule flexibility, work-life balance and time for training. When serving the customers, employees should act in ways which make the customers feel as though they are happy with the service and would continue to do business with the organisation. Therefore the employees are trained to use appropriate communication techniques to make the customer feel comfortable, welcome and satisfied with the service. This means that every customer should receive respect, patience, friendliness, and good quality products. On behave of McDonalds (2004), claims that At McDonalds, we know that people are our most valuable resource. We aim to be the best employer in each community around the world where we do business. Read more:Â  Customer Service Essay How the organisation recognizes its customers requirement McDonalds is well known as a fast food restaurant, therefore the meals are expected to be delivered to each customer in a fast, efficient way, but in the same time, the meals need to be prepared cautiously to make sure no mistakes are made and to also make sure that the meal is fresh and of great quality. Another issue concerned with the service is the customer rush this is when many customers all approach at once. This usually occurs during lunch time, straight after school hours, and around dinner time. When there is a customer rush, the store should be adequately staffed to allow employees to be prepared and deal with the large group of people as quick as they can. The organisation becomes aware of the requirements from previous circumstances when customers complain that their food is not fresh, or if they have been waiting a long time for their meal to be prepared. All McDonalds restaurants have possession of a particular McDonalds owned clock which works as a timer and helps in the process to distinguish how long the burgers have been sitting for. This process prevents the burgers from going past the stage where they are not fresh anymore. The fry station in which the fries are made also has a separate timer which goes of when the fries are no longer fresh. From time to time, accidents may happen and the timers may not be used efficiently. This is when the food gets cold, and customers begin to complain. When a customer complains of their food being cold or not fresh, they should be treated with extra consideration, get an apology and then have their meal replaced. The only way this problem can be resolved is for workers to make sure they keep an eye on the timers, and if there are no fresh burgers when a customer is served, they should be seated and have theyre meal taken to them within a few minutes. If a customer feels that they repeatedly receive food which is not fresh enough, and they do not mind waiting a few extra minutes, they can ask for a fresh burger. Then, they will be asked to be seated while their meal is being made. Another circumstance may be if a customer is allergic to something in a meal, or dont want a particular ingredient in their food such as pickles in their burgers or salt on their fries. All they need to do is make the person who is serving them aware of this. This is called a grill, and their meal will be freshly made as of above. All the staff of McDonalds are trained to deal with the customers in a pleasant manner. Any suggestions from customers on how the service, environment, etc. can be improved would be taken positively and the matter would be discussed with the management because McDonalds wants all customers to be happy. Some McDonalds restaurants have suggestion boxes where customers can give their thoughts of any improvement which can be made for customer service delivery. The suggestions from customers are a great help to the management, as the customers are the ones who the store is trying to impress. Within time, business technology can assist with the service at McDonalds by creating higher technology cash register, which may help with interpreting the order and assistance with the cash. The quicker the meal is ordered the quicker the meal can be delivered. Business technology could also assist with serving the customers on drive through. Our People Promise is more than words. McDonalds and its independent owner/operators have made a commitment to our employees that we strive to achieve with our actions every day McDonalds.com (2004). To deliver the People Promise, there are in place, five people principles which promote customer service strategies. They include Respect and recognition, Values and Leadership Behaviors, Competitive Pay and Benefits, Learning Developing and Personal Growth and Resourced to get the job done. The delivery of a quality service is essential to a successful business. For McDonalds to achieve our goal of being the worlds best quick service restaurant experience, we must have the best experience for all McDonalds employees. This quotes that the quality of the McDonalds business revolves around the employees actions. Another main issue is that there is always a clean surrounding of each restaurant, to make everyone feel comfortable to dine in. The main customer objective is when food is not fresh. To fulfill this objective, budget recourses which may help with the solution could include a buzzer or alarm to indicate that the food is off. Stronger heat may help so that the burgers, and fries stay hot, but this brings danger to the employees with the high risks of burns. The company can look further towards these issues to come to a resolution to the complaints. Conclusion The company of McDonalds is a largely known and popular business. The reoccurrence of so many customers indicates that it is successful. But there can never be enough of pleasing customers, because the more pleased customers become, the more business the store will get, this is from word of mouth. Therefore if a customer has a bad experience, the companys earnings may slightly drop. McDonalds is cautious of the way they handle customers, the environment, and the quality of their food. They are also aware of customer complaints or suggestions of improving the service, food, etc. This helps a lot to improve the business which is becoming more and more popular everyday. Bibliography * http//:www.Mcdonalds.com.au * Burbury E, 2003, Deliver and Monitor a Service to Customers, Software publication Pty. Ltd., Sydney. * McDonalds Pty Ltd, 2001, Crew Member Handbook. * http//:www.Mcdonalds.com (world wide)

The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ Essay -- Business Management

The Leadership Lessons of Jesus Christ When we talk about Jesus as a leader, we may imply two different forms: Jesus as the only Son of God, God of the universe, or the risen Christ as being one with God; or Jesus as the 1 st century flesh and blood human being, the historical figure. Since the purpose of studying leadership is to improve one's own leadership skills, it makes sense to analyze Jesus' applicable traits, actions, and accomplishments as a good leader—in his historical role—so his leadership skills can be feasibly related to ourselves as human beings. I will attempt to analyze, using modern leadership criteria, how Jesus of Nazareth, the Jew and carpenter's son, was an effective spiritual leader of his time. Let us first examine the leadership attitude Jesus showed in his ministry. According to the address Thomas Cronin delivered at the Western Academy of Management in 1982, part of what makes leaders appealing is their confidence and faith: Leaders have those indispensable qualities of contagious self-confidence, unwarranted optimism, and incurable idealism that allow them to attract and mobilize others to undertake tasks these people never dreamed they could undertake. (To Lead or Not to Lead, Unit One 36) Jesus had infectious self-confidence that attracted all types of people to his cause. A teacher of the law said to Jesus, â€Å"Teacher, I will follow your wherever you go† (Matt. 8:19). He was also an optimist: Jesus said, â€Å"But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well† (Matt. 6:33). He was an idealist; his mission commanded his followers to be spiritually perfect (Matt. 5:48). Although Jesus' ethical standard was incredibly high, his faith in God was... ...human characteristics. But his weakness contributed to his character as a man. Essentially, Jesus' leadership abilities were perfect for his time. Works Cited Borg, Marcus J. Meeting Jesus Again for the First Time. San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1994. Borg, Marcus J., and N.T. Wright. The Meaning of Jesus. San Francisco: Harper Collins, 2000. To Lead or Not to Lead, Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies. Jackson, MS: Phi Theta Kappa, Inc., 2001. Porter, J.R. Jesus Christ: The Jesus of History, the Christ of Faith. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Schure, Edouard. Jesus: The Last Great Initiate. Kila, MT: Kessinger Publishing Company, 1995. Stafford, Tim and Philip Yancey. The Student Bible, New International Version. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986. Yancey, Philip. The Jesus I Never Knew. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.

Quality Management Tool

Abstract Quality management, known also as quality control, is a system utilized by all types of businesses all around the world. This type of management system has the ability to assist any type of organization provide consumers with the best product and/or service possible by managing its activities, this points to an increase in its usefulness and productivity. Through the many types of systems used for quality management, a business can monitor and measure the quality of its products and/or services being offered to consumers.An effective quality management system helps a business to increase its competitive edge, increase its organizational development, highlight its customer satisfaction, and more. Total quality management tools embody specific items an organization can use to evaluate the success of the process. Some mutual total quality management tools include Pareto charts, scatter plots, flowcharts, and tree diagrams. Each one allows for a specific review of a company†™s operations. Companies can use these tools together or individually, depending on the scope of a company’s total quality management.Managers have a variety of tools and techniques known as the Seven Management and Planning Tools, my paper will highlight the Tree diagram. The seven new management planning tools are a set of tools that arose out of Japanese innovation in the post-World War Two period. They were popularized through the publication of the book â€Å"Seven New Quality Tools for Managers and Staff† which became available in English in 1983. These tools were popularized in the United States by the consulting firm GOAL/QPC, and have been used by a number of firms since 1984 to improve their quality planning and improvements efforts.Many organizations formally combined these tools into policy deployment activities. Although these tools are no longer truly new tools they are, nonetheless, commonly used by businesses and are still valuable to today's managers , therefore managers should, familiarize themselves with these tools. The seven tools provide managers with improved capability to make better decisions and facilitate the implementation process. The tree diagram is a tool to map out the paths and task necessary to complete a specific project or reach a specified goal. To omplete the diagram starts with one item that branches into two or more, each of which branch into two or more, and continues. It resembles a tree, with trunk and lots of branches. This tool is used to minimize extensive categories into smaller detail points. Developing the tree diagram helps you move your thinking step by step from generalities to specifics The Tree Diagram can be used in many different situations such as when an issue is known or being addressed in broad generalities and you must move to specific details, such as when to develop logical steps to achieve an objective.It is also used when developing actions to carry out a solution or other plan, wh en analyzing processes in detail, and when probing for the root cause of a problem. To successful build a tree diagram a team can be established to recommend steps to solve the problem or implement the plan. Everyone should agree on the main goal before beginning. The main task involved and accomplishing the goal is very important. The procedures used in the diagram are to develop a statement of the goal, project, plan, problem or whatever is being studied.The content of the diagram will vary based on the goal of the project. For example an organization focused on improving workforce management would base there diagram on the issues related to improving human resources. As we are all aware human resources holds the key to sustained quality improvement. Consequently the human resources department must be a first-class quality organization itself. It can accomplish this by applying total quality management principles to its own internal operations; and design human resource practices for support a total quality- orientation.The tree diagrams as fairly simple and routine, but business owners and managers must have a certain level of experience to complete decision-tree related to finance. Decision trees typically require certain knowledge of quantitative or statistical experience to complete the process accurately. Failing to accurately understand decision trees can lead to a distorted outcome of business opportunities or decision possibilities. Decision trees normally need internal and external information concerning the business and its operating environment.Owners and managers have to be able to gather the simple pieces of information to accurately measure the opportunities listed on the decision tree. It can also be challenging to include variables on the decision tree, eliminate duplicate information or relay information in a rational, steady fashion. Owners and managers must also decide whether the decision tree should represent dollars, percentages or a co mbination. The inability to complete the decision tree using only one set of information can be somewhat difficult.While unfinished information can create complications in the decision-tree process and abundance of information can also be an issue. Owners and managers can create a â€Å"paralysis of analysis,† where these individuals face too much information when making a decision. Instead of making a decision and progressing the company’s mission or vision, owners and managers spend more time looking at decision trees. Decision trees can require more analysis than other analysis methods and slow down the decision-making process ConclusionQuality Management System according to ISO-9001:20 in place in an organization is always a good idea, simply because it will give you many advantages such as complying with an increasing number of customers’ requirements for a Quality Management System, besides improving your organizations business management system, your orga nizational performance and increasing the global recognition to be able to compete in the markets. Companies depend on their customers and therefore should understand current and future customer needs, and should meet customer requirements and strive to exceed customer expectations.By incorporating the management tools it allows a company to identify the root causes that hinder its ultimate goal of quality and implement solutions to address those problems. References (Second Edition, 2004 Excerpted from The Quality Toolbox, 2nd Addition) (E, 2008 Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence) (http://www. wisegeek. com/what-are-the-different-types-of-total-quality-management-tools. htm) (Covey, 2004 The 7 Habits of Hightly Effective People Covey, Stephen R. Simon & Schuster Inc. )

Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) Essay

Introduction: Post partum haemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetrical emergency that can follow vaginal or cesarean delivery. It is a major cause of maternal morbidity and one of the top three causes of maternal mortality in both high and low per capital income countries, although the absolute risk of death in much lower in high income countries (1 in 100,000 versus 1 in 1000 births in low income countries). Furthermore, hemorrhage is the leading cause of admission of the intensive care unit and the most preventable cause of maternal mortality. The average blood loss following vaginal delivery, caesarean delivery and caesarean hysterectomy is 500 ml, 1000ml and 1500 ml respectively. Depending upon the amount of blood loss, post partum hemorrhage (PPH) can be- âž ¢ Minor (1L) âž ¢ Severe (10g/dl) so that the patient can withstand some amount of the blood loss. †¢ High risk patients who are likely to develop post partum hemorrhage (such as twins, hydramnios, grand multipara, APH, history of previous PPH, severe anemia) are to be screened & delivered in a well equipped hospital. †¢ Blood groping should be one for all women so that no time is wasted during emergency. †¢ Placental localization must be done in all women with previous caesarean delivery by USG or MRI to detect placenta accreta or percreta. †¢ Women with morbid adherent placenta are at high risk of PPH. Such a case should be delivered by a senior obstetrician. A availability of blood & or blood products must be ensured before hand. Intranatal: †¢ Active management of the third stage, for all women in labour should be a routine as it reduces PPH by 60%. †¢ Women delivered by caesarean section, oxytocin 5 IU slow IV is to be given to reduce blood loss. †¢ Exploration of the utero-vaginal canal for evidence of trauma following difficult labour or instrumental delivery. †¢ Observation for about 2 hours often delivery to make sure that the uterus is hard and well contracted before sending her to ward. †¢ During caesarean section spontaneous separation & delivery of the placenta reduces blood loss (30%). Management of retained placenta: This diagnosis is reached when the placenta remains undelivered after a specified period of time (usually half to 1 hour following the baby’s birth). This is done to apply pressure to the placental site. The whole hand is introduced into the vagina in cone shaped fashion after separating the labia with the fingers of the other hand. the vaginal hand is clenched into a fist with the back of the hand directed posteriorly and the knuckles in the anterior fornix. The other hand is placed over the abdomen behind the uterus to make it anteverted. The uterus is firmly squeezed between the two hands. It may be necessary to continue the compression for a prolonged period until the (during the period, the resuscitative measures are to be continued). Manual removal of the placenta: The operation is done under general anaesthesia. The patient is placed in lithotomy position with all aseptic measures, the bladder is catheterized. One hand is introduced into the uterus after smearing with the antiseptic solution in cone shaped manner following the cord, which is made taut by the other hand. While introducing the hand, the labia are separated by the fingers of the other hand. The fingers of the uterine should locate the margin of the placenta. Counter pressure on the uterine fundus is applied by the other hand placed over the abdomen. The abdominal hand should steady the fundus & guide the movements of the fingers inside the uterine cavity till the placenta is completely separated. As soon as the placental margin is reached, the fingers are insinuated between the placenta & the uterine wall with the back of the hand in contact with the uterine wall. The placenta is gradually separated with a side ways slicing movement of the fingers, until whole of the placenta is separated. When the placenta is completely separated, it is extracted by traction of the cord by the other hand. The uterine hand is still inside the uterus for exploration of the cavity to be sure that nothing is left behind. i) Management of third stage bleeding: In this third stage of bleeding or hemorrhage, the bleeding occurs before expulsion of placenta. Principles âž ¢ To empty the uterus. âž ¢ To replace the blood. âž ¢ To ensure effective haemostasis. Steps of management: a) Placental site bleeding: âž ¢ To palpate the fundus and manage the uterus to make it hard. âž ¢ To start crystalloid with oxytocin at 60 drops /min and to arrange for blood transfusion if necessary. âž ¢ Oxytocin 10 units IM or methargin 0.2 mg. is given intravenously. âž ¢ To catheterize the bladder. âž ¢ To give antibiotics (ampicillin 2gm.and Metronidazole 500mg. IV). b) Traumatic bleeding: The utero vaginal canal is to be explored under general anaesthesia after the placenta is expelled. ii) Management of true post partum hemorrhage: In this true post partum hemorrhage the bleeding occurs subsequent to expulsion of placenta (majority). Management: âž ¢ Call for extra help involve the obstetric senior staff on call. âž ¢ Keep patient flat and warm. âž ¢ Send blood for diagnostic test. âž ¢ Infuse rapidly 2 litres of normal saline. âž ¢ Give oxygen by mask 10-15L/min. âž ¢ Monitor the pulse, blood pressure, urine output, drug type, dose and time. B. Secondary Post partum hemorrhage: Definition: Secondary post partum hemorrhage is bleeding from the genital tract more than 24 hours after delivery of the placenta and may occur upto 6 week later. The bleeding usually occurs between 8th to 14th day of delivery. Causes: The causes of late post partum hemorrhage are- 1. Retained bits of cotyledon or membranes (commonest) 2. Infection and separation of slough over a deep cervico-vaginal laceration. 3. Endometritis and sub involution of the placental site- due to delayed healing process. 4. Secondary hemorrhage from caesarean section wound usually occur between 10-14 days. 5. Withdrawal bleeding following oestrogen therapy for suppression of lactation. Clinical Manifestation: 1. The lochia are heavier than normal & recurrence of bright red flow. 2. Offensive lochia if infection is a contributory factor. 3. Sub involution of uterus. 4. Pyrexia & tachycardia. Diagnosis: The bleeding is bright red and varying amount. Rarely it may be brisk. Varying degree of anemia & evidences of sepsis are present. Internal examination reveals evidences of sepsis, sub involution of the uterus & often patulous cervical OS. Ultrasonography is usual in detecting the bits of placenta inside the uterine cavity. Management: Principle: âž ¢ To assess the amount of blood loss & to replace it (transfusion) âž ¢ To find out the cause & to take appropriate steps to rectify it. Management: i) Massage the uterus if it is still palpable to bring about a contraction. ii) Express any clots. iii) Encourage the mother to empty her bladder. iv) Give an oxytocic drug such as ergometrine by intravenous or intramuscular route. v) Save all pads & lines to assess the volume of blood loss. vi) If retained products of conception are not seen on an ultrasound scan, the mother may be treated conservatively with antibiotic therapy and oral ergometrine. vii) Anemia is treated with iron supplement & in severe cases, blood is transfused. Nursing management of PPH: Assessment: 1. Assess maternal history for risk factors, plan accordingly and communicate to the perinatal area. 2. Assess pulse pressure, recording consistently less than 30bpm are consistent with hypertensive crisis. 3. Assess intake & output chart. 4. Assess location & firmness of uterine fundus. 5. Palpate the bladder distension, which may interfere with contracting of the uterus. 6. Inspect for intactness of any parineal area. Diagnosis: i) Deficit fluid volume related to blood loss as manifested by looking pale, dehydrated & decrease pulse rate. ii) Acute pain related to perineal discomfort from birth trauma and physiologic changes from births as monitored by wrinkled in forehead, restlessness & irritability. iii) imbalance nutrition less than body requirement related to restriction in food intake as manifested by fatigue, weakness and lethargic. iv) Sleeping pattern disturbance related to pain & bleeding as manifested by drowsiness, lethargic, irritated, etc. v) Risk for infection related to birth process & maintaining poor hygiene as manifested by patient’s verbal complain, irritable & discomfort. Goal: i) Monitoring for hypotension & bleeding. ii) Minimize the pain. iii) Improve nutritional status. iv) Improve sleep pattern. v) Reduce the risk for infection. Intervention: âž ¢ For 1st diagnosis: i) Monitor vital signs every 4 hours during the first 24 hours. ii) Assess vaginal discharge for clots and amount. iii) Maintained IV line as ordered by the doctor. âž ¢ For 2nd diagnosis: i) Assess pain level, location, duration and type also. ii) Provide comfortable position (i.e. supine position) iii) Administered medicine as prescribed by the doctor. âž ¢ For 3rd diagnosis: i) Assess the nutritional status of the patient. ii) Patient is advised to take liquid diet from 3rd day & solid from 4th day. iii) Weight in monitored daily. âž ¢ For 4th diagnosis: i) Sleep pattern is assessed. ii) Provide a neat and tidy bed to the patient. iii) Unnecessary procedures avoided during sleeping period. iv) Patient is advised to discourage day time sleeping. âž ¢ For 5th diagnosis: i) Assessed the level of infection, burning sensation and frequency of urination. ii) Washing hands & wearing gloves can reduce the risk for infection before doing any procedure. iii) Advised the patient to maintain the personal hygiene and also should teach how to take care of perineal area. Evaluation: i) Bleeding is reduced than before. ii) Patients pain level might be minimized. iii) Nutritional status of the patient is improved. iv) Patients sleep pattern is improved. v) Infection is controlled. Conclusion: Post Partum hemorrhage continued to be a leading cause of maternal morbidity & mortality. In this patient despite identification and attempt at correction of an identified clotting disorder, major obstetric hemorrhage was not avoided. However, these factors may be unavoidable and early surgical intervention as per local protocol is recommended to minimize maternal morbidity. After studying & presenting the seminar on the topic of PPH, I got a thorough idea about this disease and I am thankful to ma’am for giving me opportunity of presenting this topic. I think I can be able to import some amount of knowledge to the group & I will be able to provide proper care to such patient if I got in future. Bibliography: 1. C.D. Dutta â€Å"text book of obstetrics† 7th edition, new central book agency, page no- 410-418 2. Annamma Jacob â€Å"A comprehensive textbook of midwifery & Gynecological Nursing†, 3rd edition, Joypee brothers medical publishers (p) Ltd. 3. â€Å"Myhes Tex book for midwives†, edited by V. Rith Bennett Linda K. Brown, 12th edition. Page No- 462-470 4. Dr. Parulekar Shashank V., â€Å"Text book for midwives†, 2nd edition, voramidical publication. Page No- 351-356. 5. B. Basavanthappa T. â€Å"Essentials of midwifery & obstetrical Nursing†, 1st edition, Jaypee Brothers medical publishers. Page No- 544-555. 6. w.w.w.urmc.rochester.edu>URMC>Health Encyclopedia âž ¢ w.w.w.birth.com.au>Labour & Birth. âž ¢ w.w.w.rcog.org.uk>Home>women’shealth> idelines>search for a guideline. âž ¢ Bmb.oxford journals.org/..205full. âž ¢ w.w.w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov> journal list>cases J/V.J;2008

buy custom Sex and Morality essay

buy custom Sex and Morality essay The purpose of the essay is four-fold. First, the essay will provide a summary based on the general considerations of the principles stating what sources of moral knowledge are, what it means to say that the principles of morality are perennial, why those principles are perennial, and what the fundamental principle of sexual morality is. Second, the work will state the reasons given for the judgments made about premarital sex, homosexuality, and masturbation in specific applications. Third, it will provide a description of how obedience contributes to morality, and lastly, it will draw a conclusion that provides a standpoint on sexuality and morality. Discussion In reference to modern scientific research, sexuality profoundly affects an individual's life since it is among those factors which distinguish human beings. In fact, sex leads to the distinction of a man and woman psychologically, biologically and spiritually, hence, it defines his/her maturity and integration in the society. Sexual matters form the crucial theme that is openly and frequently discussed in books, magazines, reviews, as well as other social media (Seidman, 2003). It is evident that, in the current world people agree that human vocation and dignity can be discovered through own intelligence and values inherent in their nature Moreover, individuals should nurture those values and practice them in their lives, for them to achieve a noticeable development (Greenberg, Bruess Conklin, 2011). In relation to moral matters, an individual cannot personally make a value judgment, since consciously he/she detects a law that he/she cannot impose on him/herself, but ensures his/he r obedience. It is false in the contemporary world for people to assert that it is impossible for a man to find immutable norm in human nature and reveal law that serves certain reasons, which are not expressed in the overall law of charity, as well as value for human dignity. However, divine revelation emphasizes the genuine demands of human nature. This manifests the presence of immutable laws that are innate in the constitutive fundamentals of human nature, and as such, it is exhibited by individuals gifted with reason. Sexual ethics concerns with both Christian life and human fundamental values; thus, its teaching equally pertains to sexuality. Church has unhesitatingly transmitted some norms and principles as a part of its teaching, though worldly morals and opinions ppose them (Adams Pigg, 2005). The principle does not originate from certain culture type, but from divine law and human nature knowledge. Many individuals vindicate premarital sex, but their opinion contravenes Christian doctrine which states that sex should be enjoyed within the confines of marriage, and that premarital sex cannot protect relationships from caprices and whims. In addition, those who practice homosexuality do it in opposition to the Christian teachings and moral sense. The homosexuals should be accorded necessary treatment and understanding in order to overcome their problems and be inculcated to the society successfully. Their blameworthiness will be evaluated with caution. Today, the doctrine maintained by Catholic that masturbation adds up to a grave ethical disorder is denied or doubted. Masturbation, from a psychological and sociological standpoint is regarded as a normal phenomenon that indicates sexual development. Though it cannot be justified that scriptures condemn the sin, the church understands that the New Testament condemns it when it speaks of unchastity, impurity, as well as other vices . Obedience is a virtue that enables someone to be in agreement with, to comply, respect or conform to something. It is the opposite of disobedience. Individuals will only be obedient to someone or of something because of fear of the consequences. Only those who are courageous enough will tend to disobey. For instance, a young child will obey his or her parent just because of the fear of the cane. If it was not of the consequences, the child would have disobeyed the parent. This is referred to as a blind obedience if you are being forced to conform. Many people obey so that they can have peace with themselves whereas others disobey in search of freedom or liberty. Many trouble makers, we say, are courageous because they seek their own independence and self responsibility. When a person is disobedient people tend to shun away from him/her in lonely situations while people, who are aware of the consequences, tend to follow good behavior. Delinquents are always people with bad norms or values that include disobedience. This people, who are usually engaged in risky activities such as burglary, are not only of disobedient but also courageous. Obedience is all about rejecting your own personality when people tend to be submissive, for instance, wives should be submissive to their husbands no matter what they orrder. The wives will only comply with it because they fear their husbands. Obedience in many cases does not involve a lot of questioning and reasoning that will increase the chances of one being manipulated and exploited either by the rest of people or the government. Its only when you are courageous that you question the legality of some actions. For instance, if the government gives an order the citizens, they will have to judge whether it is right or wrong before they obey. Normally, people tend to seek for conformity because they find it easier than disobedience. It does not involve a lot but only social responsibility.For instance, people follow the societal norms and values just because they are a part of the community and any disagreement with the norms can make the ancestral spirits angry. This will bring a curse or suffering among the members of the society. The cost of disobedience is sometimes scary and requires strong people to face it. The Bible states, if one wants to live till the old age, he or she is supposed to obey his or her parents. To be in good terms with the creator, obedience is better than sacrifice, this makes it possible for an individual to relate with the powerful well and be on a saver side both in the earthly living and the life to come. Most people actions are based on the current and future benefits that they derive. Those, who are defiant, are courageous enough to face the consequences just even when they had an opportunity to behave well. Again we find people like Abraham, David, Shadrack, Meshack and Aberdneko in the Bible to be the most courageous people to obey God even if the consequences, they were going to face, was too severe (Fuller, 1964). Their actions were not as a result of fear but the value of Gods teachings in their lives. Conclusion In conclusion, obedience is a moral virtue that we need to uphold even if the consequences are too severe and demanding. Though the goodies that come with disobedience include freedom and independence, they are short-lived. Observance of the ethical law, as well as practice of chastity in the field of sexuality, is endangered. This is because there is a growing tendency to minimize, but not deny, grave sin reality in the lives of people. Based on Christian teachings, moral sin is not only premised on direct and formal resistance to chastity, but it is also found in the opposition of authentic love embodied in moral laws. Buy custom Sex and Morality essay

Rappaccinis Daughter Quotes

'Rappaccini's Daughter' Quotes Rappaccinis Daughter is a short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The work centers around a young man, and a beautiful young woman (with her brilliant and inventive father entering the scenes periodically). The work (and author) are famous for being representation of American Romantic literature (Hawthorne is also famous for The Scarlet Letter). The story is also sometimes the subject of study and discussion in American literature classes, as it explores the definition of beauty, emotion/love versus intellect/science, and an exploration of Creator/creation. Here are a few quotes from Rappaccinis Daughter. Which quote is your favorite? Quotes From the Story Nothing could exceed the intentness with which this scientific gardener examined every shrub which grew in his path; it seemed as if he was looking into their innermost nature, making observations in regard to their creative essence, and discovering why one leaf grew in this shape, and another in that, and wherefore such and such flowers differed among themselves in hue and perfume.Every portion of the soil was peopled with plants and herbs, which, if less beautiful, still bore tokens of assiduous care; as if all had their individual virtues, known to the scientific mind that fostered them.He was beyond the middle term of life, with grey hair, a thin grey beard, and a face singularly marked with intellect and cultivation, but which could never, even in his more youthful days, have expressed much warmth of heart.But now, unless Giovannis draughts of wine had bewildered his senses, a singuolar incident occurred†¦a drop or two of moisture from the broken stem of the flower descende d upon the lizards head. For an instant, the reptile contorted itself violently, then lay motionless in the sunshine. Beatrice observed this remarkable phenomenon, and crossed herself, sadly, but without surprise; nor did she therefore hesitate to arrange the fatal flower in her bosom. And must I believe all that I have seen with my own eyes? asked Giovanni pointedly, while the recollection of former scenes made him shrink.They stood, as it were, in an utter solitude, which would be made none the less solitary by the densest throng of human life. Ought not, then, the desrt of humanity around them to press this insulated pair together? If they should be cruel to one another, who was there to be kind to them?Created it! created it! repeated Giovanni. What mean you, Beatrice?Miserable! ... What mean you, foolish girl? Dost thou deem it misery to be endowed with marvelous gifts, against which no power nor strength could avail an enemy? Misery, to be able to quell the mightiest with a breath? Misery, to be as terrible as thou art beautiful? Woudst thou, then, have preferred the condition of a weak woman, exposed to all evil and capable of none?To Beatrice-so radically had her earthly part been wrought upon by Rappaccinis skill-as poison had been life, so the powerful an tidote was death. And thus the poor victim of mans ingenuity and of thwarted nature, and of the fatality that attends all such efforts of perverted wisdom, perished there, at the feet of her father and Giovanni.

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life Research Paper

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life - Research Paper Example Here, the convict is kept in isolation from all sources of the external world and all aspects that might have motivated his/here to commit the crime. Going by the unpleasantness seen in the prison life along with its negative social stigma that is associated with incarceration, prison life should serve in the form of a deterrent for any criminal behavior. Prison inmates can face both financial and social problems (Nilsson, 2003, p.59). Psychological symptoms can include prolonged psychosis, severe depression, endless anxiety, and a complete form of social withdrawal. One particular feature associated with prison life is recidivism (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). It has been stated that the group who re-offended faced marginalization ‘marginalization’, i.e., a continued form of social as well as financial exclusion, while the individual who did not re-offend experienced inclusion or ‘normalization’, that provided an improved living conditions and removal from being â €Å"the margins of society† (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). Thus, the thesis statement can be constructed as: Prison inmates develop different form of survival strategies to cope with the harsh conditions of incarceration. Negative impacts in the convicts due to prison life As mentioned earlier there are many psychological, physical and social effects that a life in prison can make on the prisoner. One such feature is the punishment of solitary confinement. The effects of solitary confinement can be understood by the words of Johnny Tremont who was an inmate at New York prison. According to him â€Å"there’s more of a difference between being in solitary confinement and being in general population than there is between being in prison and being in the free world.† In general population, he says, â€Å"you do your programming, go to meals, talk to people, and you can still manage to feel like a human being.† In the Box, â€Å"you’re like an animal in a cage .† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). Further it was stated by Bonnie Kerness, who was the head of the American Friends Service Committee’s Prison Watch Project, â€Å"We call it ‘no-touch torture,’†. â€Å"No one who has ever experienced more than the briefest time in solitary would call it anything else, because it was designed to destroy the mind and break the spirit.† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). This aspect of negative impacts becomes particularly harmful for the aged convicts and the female prisoners. The older inmates usually are found in worse health than the female counterparts who are not convicted as these convicted female individuals are seen to develop health related issues pretty much earlier of their previous lifestyle, the socioeconomic factors and the harshness of the prison environment (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Co-morbidity is a form of physical condition common among these aging prisoners who develop on an average three types of chronic diseases which can be asthma, emphysema or arthritis (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Older female inmates require medical attention more than the other inmate groups (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p .53). The older female inmates face difficulty in coping with the harsh prison environment as they have a fragile mental and physical condition (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61). Other women are found to be often sad, depressed or respond with crying unconditionally (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61).There was many negative sentiments in the female prison